**Turbidity:** Measured in NTUs (Nephelometric Turbidity Units); indicates cloudiness and potential for microbial growth. * **Temperature:** Affects solubility, chemical reactions, and potential for Legionella growth (CPC 407.3/409.4). * **Color, Taste, & Odor:** Aesthetic indicators of mineral content (iron/manganese) or organic decomposition. * **Electrical Conductivity (EC):** A proxy for Total Dissolved Solids (TDS); higher EC indicates more dissolved contaminants.